![]() Study group showed improvement of post-treatment scores of canal weakness, postural stability parameters, and VADL scale in reverse to control group that showed improvement of scores of preference and VADL only. All assessment measures were carried out pre- and post-treatment. Assessment of vestibular canal weakness was carried out using videonystagmography, postural stability using computerized posturography, while participation in daily activities was carried out using Vestibular Disorders Activities of Daily Living Scale (VADL). Treatment sessions were conducted three times weekly for four successive weeks. The study group received transmastoidal galvanic stimulation, in addition to a vestibular rehabilitation program, whereas control group undergone vestibular rehabilitation program only. Subjects and methodsįorty patients (from both sexes) diagnosed with unilateral peripheral vestibular weakness were evenly and randomly designated into two groups: study and control groups. To investigate the effect of transmastoidal galvanic stimulation added to a designed vestibular rehabilitation program on recovery outcomes in Egyptian patients with unilateral peripheral vestibular disorders. The purpose of this study is to translate the DHI into Urdu, Pushto, Punjabi, Sindhi and Balochi languages and then evaluating the validity and reliability of these versions in order to make this questionnaire available for research and clinics for the population of Pakistan.Peripheral vestibular disorders are common disorders among population with increased prevalence with age advancement, manifested by balance disorders and postural instability that negatively affect daily activities and social participation. ![]() However, this questionnaire does not have any versions that can be utilized in Pakistan such as Urdu, Pushto, Punjabi, Sindhi and Balochi. Thus, The DHI is considered the most beneficial questionnaire for the evaluation of dizziness and unsteadiness, especially related to vestibular rehabilitation. All of these translated versions have been proved to be very useful, with high validity, reliability and internal consistency. Some examples of the translated languages include Arabic, Brazilian, Spanish, Chinese, Italian, Dutch, French, Norwegian, and German. Since 1990, the DHI has been translated into various languages in order to make its application better. The target population are the patients suffering from dizziness due to brain injuries, multiple sclerosis and vestibular disorders. The aim of DHI is to evaluate the self-perceived handicap effects of dizziness. The DHI is highly compatible with the international classification of functioning, disability and health tool, which was standardized by WHO in 2001 for measuring the effects of various diseases. Additionally, it is very easy to be filled and hardly takes 10 minutes at maximum. This tool is widely used in clinical setups to evaluate the condition of the patients and determine the levels to which their quality of life has been affected by dizziness. The higher the score, the greater handicap is considered. The maximum score is 100 and the minimum is 0. The mentioned questionnaire comprises 25 questions that categorize the dizziness effects in three main areas namely functional (9 questions, 36 points), emotional (9 questions, 36 points) and physical (7 questions, 28 points). ![]() ![]() The dizziness handicap inventory (DHI) was introduced in 1990 by Jacobson and Newman. A precisely valid and reliable tool has been already designed for the measurement of dizziness while keeping the common complaints of patients in mind. Moreover, mostly the patients having dizziness due to vestibular causes are known to face more problems as compared to the others. Why Should I Register and Submit Results?ĭizziness is one of the most common symptoms of many diseases that not only affects the daily activities of the patient but also negatively alters their jobs and functions. ![]()
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